Pumped storage hydropower is the largest energy storage technology globally. It works by pumping water into reservoirs when there is an electricity surplus in the grid, for example on a sunny or windy day, and releasing it to generate electricity when more energy is needed. The sudden shift in the supply-demand relationship has led to soaring orders across the industry chain, with production lines operating at full capacity still unable to meet demand, marking the beginning of a market-driven. . Energy-storage technologies have rapidly developed under the impetus of carbon-neutrality goals, gradually becoming a crucial support for driving the energy transition. This paper systematically reviews the basic principles and research progress of current mainstream energy-storage technologies. . MITEI's three-year Future of Energy Storage study explored the role that energy storage can play in fighting climate change and in the global adoption of clean energy grids., and this capacity is expected to exceed 40 GW by the end of 2025.
