This study delves into the integration of photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage systems (ESS) into AC railway traction power supply systems (TPSS) with Direct Feed (DF) and Autotransformer (AT) configurations. This paper presents a grid-connected improved SEPIC converter with an intelligent maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategy tailored for energy storage systems in railway. . olution to mitigate rising CO2 emissions, growing energy demands, and environmental degradation. This paper reviews the potential of incorporating renewable energy tech ologies such as solar, wind, bioenergy, and kinetic energy recovery into railway infrastructure. The solution is shipped in standardized ISO containers including inverters and storage batteries. From pv magazine France SNCF offers. .
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