These batteries typically last 10 to 20 years, with some models achieving even longer life spans under optimal conditions. Factors affecting their longevity include cycling patterns, temperature extremes, and depth of discharge. For instance, overly aggressive cycling can degrade battery components. . The useful life of electrochemical energy storage (EES) is a critical factor to system planning, operation, and economic assessment. Gas powered generators are not an ideal solution because of the greenhouse gas emissions, unless we have a good. . The chapter starts with an introduction of the general characteristics and requirements of electrochemical storage: the open circuit voltage, which depends on the state of charge; the two ageing effects, calendaric ageing and cycle life; and the use of balancing systems to compensate for these. . electrochemical energy storage system is shown in Figure1.
