In Situ Assessment of 5G NR Massive MIMO Base Station
This paper investigates radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure from 5G new radio (NR) base stations in a commercial network in Bern, Switzerland.
5G networks divide coverage areas into smaller zones called cells, enabling devices to connect to local base stations via radio. Each station connects to the broader telephone network and the Internet through high-speed optical fiber or wireless backhaul.
Major suppliers of 5G radio and core systems included Altiostar, Cisco Systems, Datang Telecom/Fiberhome, Ericsson, Huawei, Nokia, Qualcomm, Samsung, and ZTE. Huawei was estimated to hold about 70 percent of global 5G base stations by 2023.
The 5G New Radio (NR) interface defines two main operating ranges: Frequency Range 1 (FR1) – below 7.125 GHz, also called sub-6 GHz. It covers low- and mid-band frequencies and supports channel bandwidths up to 100 MHz. Typical download speeds range from 5 to 900 Mbit/s depending on conditions.
You'll quickly notice that T-Mobile has the most 5G sites, as they have the largest 5G footprint in the United States. AT&T 5G cell tower and Verizon 5G cell tower info is very thin across all tools. Even though a 5G cell tower is not labeled on the map, doesn't mean there isn't one nearby.
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