Solar Photovoltaic System Cost Benchmarks
The U.S. Department of Energy''s solar office and its national laboratory partners analyze cost data for U.S. solar photovoltaic systems to develop cost benchmarks to measure progress
The representative residential PV system (RPV) for 2024 has a rating of 8 kW dc (the sum of the system's module ratings). Each module has an area (with frame) of 1.9 m 2 and a rated power of 400 watts, corresponding to an efficiency of 21.1%.
Market analysts routinely monitor and report the average cost of PV systems and components, but more detail is needed to understand the impact of recent and future technology developments on cost. Consequently, benchmark systems in the utility-scale, commercial, and residential PV market sectors are evaluated each year.
Inverter – The cost to the installer of equipment for converting direct current (dc) to alternating current (ac), as delivered. Energy Storage System (ESS) – The cost to the installer of adding an energy storage system, as delivered.
The DC cables are connected to 19 utility-scale central inverters, each rated at 4 MW ac, giving the PV system a rated AC power output of 76 MW ac, which corresponds to an inverter loading ratio of 1.32. The inverters are made in Europe in a plant that produces 250 of them each year. These inverters are not subject to import tariffs.
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