Battery Energy Storage Systems: Main
Environmental Impact: Proper cleanup and disposal of damaged batteries requires specialized procedures. EPA has developed
This technology strategy assessment on flow batteries, released as part of the Long-Duration Storage Shot, contains the findings from the Storage Innovations (SI) 2030 strategic initiative.
The environmental impact of the battery application is coming from the electricity that is wasted due to the inefficiency of the battery system. The deployment of flow batteries is simulated using the Holistic Grid Resource Integration and Deployment (HiGRID) model.
Among the three flow battery chemistries, production of the vanadium-redox flow battery exhibited the highest impacts on six of the eight environmental indicators, various potential human health hazards, and per-energy-capacity material costs of $491/kilowatt-hour (kWh) across its life cycle.
Among the various types of battery storage systems, flow batteries represent a promising technology for stationary energy storage due to scalability and flexibility, separation of power and energy, and long durability and considerable safety in battery management ( Alotto et al., 2014; Leung et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2013 ).
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