Energy Efficiency for 5G and Beyond 5G: Potential,
This paper presents an exhaustive review of power-saving research conducted for 5G and beyond 5G networks in recent years,
This restricts the potential use of the power models, as their validity and accuracy remain unclear. Future work includes the further development of the power consumption models to form a unified evaluation framework that enables the quantification and optimization of energy consumption and energy efficiency of 5G networks.
Kuo-Chi Chang et al. have proposed an energy-saving technology for 5G base stations using Internet of Things (IoT) collaborative control. It addresses the issue of high energy consumption in dense 5G networks, particularly during periods of low traffic.
Ali El Amine et al. have proposed a reinforcement learning-based approach to optimize energy consumption in 5G Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) by dynamically adjusting small base station (SBS) sleep modes.
Compared to traditional single-technology approaches, the hybrid approach showcased significant energy savings, reaching up to 32% in some scenarios. It offered a level of adaptability and flexibility that was previously unattainable, proving that the future of 5G networks could be both powerful and sustainable.
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