Advanced Optical-Radio Communication System for 5G Base Stations
The proposed systems aim to transmit data to four compact 5G Base Stations (BSs) that numerous 5G users can reach. The MMW-RF (Radio Frequency) link uses four
A 5G Base Station is known as a gNode B (next 'generation' Node B). This is in contrast to a 4G Base Station which is known as an eNode B ('evolved' Node B), and a 3G Base Station which is known as a Node B. Figure 21 illustrates two Standalone (SA) Base Station architectures, known as 'option 2' and 'option 5'.
The 'option 5' architecture is based on a next-generation eNode B (ng-eNode B) connected to the 5G Core Network. This involves an upgraded 4G Base Station connected to the 5G Core Network. The ng-eNode B uses the E-UTRA (4G) air interface and signaling protocols towards the end-user device.
ation components and antenna mast systems. Upgrading 4G base stations by software to non-standalone (N A) 5G will still require hardware changes. It will act as an interim, but it will still not satisfy the need for true 5G network architecture. The number of base stations needed increases with each generation of mobile technolo
Many 5G base stations, often referred to as gNB, have a very different physical construction from an LTE base station. New antenna technologies to facilitate beam steering have been developed using active antenna systems with multiple active elements. These antennas integrate RF amplifiers and phase shifters behind each element.
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