Fire Codes and NFPA 855 for Energy Storage Systems
Unfortunately, as the solar-plus-storage industry has quickly ramped up to meet the increased demand, some notable events have occurred, including fires caused by battery
A: Testing has shown that water is the most efective agent for cooling for a battery ESS. For this reason, a sprinkler system designed in accordance with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, is required by NFPA 855, Standard for the Installation of Energy Storage Systems.
Testing has shown water to be the most efective medium for cooling an ESS fire. A sprinkler system that complies with NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, should be installed in buildings where an ESS is installed.
There is currently limited data available on the fire hazard of energy storage systems (ESS) including two full-scale open-air tests from the 2016 Foundation project and a separate project that included intermediate scale fire testing conducted at the module level to evaluate the performance of fire suppressants.
The calculations are based on 12 sprinklers flowing at a minimum pressure of 35 psi, and the sprinklers must be either K-22.4 or K-25.2. The maximum battery state of charge of 60%, the maximum electrolyte weight of 20%, and the maximum battery capacity of 41 Ah are further restrictions on the use of this criterion.
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